Glomerular diseases encompass a group of conditions affecting the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units in the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. These diseases can cause inflammation, scarring, and damage to the glomeruli, impairing kidney function. Common types include nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, and IgA nephropathy. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term kidney damage.

Various factors can lead to glomerular diseases, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and genetic predispositions. Conditions such as diabetes and hypertension are significant contributors. Infections like streptococcal infections can trigger glomerulonephritis, while autoimmune diseases like lupus can cause widespread kidney inflammation. Understanding these causes is vital for effective management.

Symptoms of glomerular diseases can vary widely and may include blood in the urine (hematuria), foamy urine due to excess protein (proteinuria), swelling in the legs and face, and high blood pressure. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies; a kidney biopsy may be necessary to assess damage and identify the specific disease.

Treatment for glomerular diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity. Management may include medications to reduce inflammation, control blood pressure, and lower cholesterol levels. Dietary modifications and lifestyle changes may also support kidney health. In advanced cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation might be required. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial for monitoring kidney function and adjusting treatment plans as needed.