Proteinuria is a condition marked by an excess amount of protein in the urine. Normally, urine contains little to no protein, as healthy kidneys filter waste while retaining essential substances. The presence of protein in urine can indicate kidney damage or other underlying health issues, making early diagnosis and management critical.

Various factors can lead to proteinuria, including diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Temporary proteinuria may occur due to intense physical activity, dehydration, or fever. However, persistent proteinuria often signals more serious problems, such as chronic kidney disease or nephrotic syndrome. Routine urine tests, such as a dipstick test or 24-hour urine collection, help detect and measure protein levels.

Symptoms of proteinuria may not be noticeable in mild cases, but significant protein loss can cause swelling in the legs, ankles, or face due to fluid retention. Other symptoms may include fatigue, foamy urine, and high blood pressure. Monitoring kidney function through blood tests and imaging studies is crucial for determining the underlying cause of proteinuria.

Management focuses on treating the underlying condition and reducing protein levels in the urine. This may involve lifestyle changes, such as a heart-healthy diet low in sodium and protein, weight management, and controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Medications like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may also be prescribed to protect kidney function. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are essential for monitoring kidney health and adjusting the treatment plan as needed.